IMPORTANT HISTORICAL EVENTS IN DATABASES

In Database Principles:

1879 Gottlob Frege founds the modern discipline of mathematical logic
1937 Alan Turing presents the concept of the Turing machine.
1941 Alfred Tarski applies model theory to the Calculus of Binary Relations.
1962 Charles Bachmann develops the Integrated Data Management System (IDMS) network database.
1966 Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM) is developed at IBM.
1970-1971 Edgar F. Codd introduces the Relational Model along with Relational Algebra and Relational calculus.
1971 Rudolf bayer and Edward McCreight publish paper on B-trees, the basic indexing mechanism in modern database systems.
1972 Boyce-Codd normal form for relational database design is introduced.
1973 Charles Bachman wins Turing Award for his work on network databases.
1974 The theory of functional dependencies and relational normalization theory taking shape.
1976 Eswaran, Gray, Lorie, and Traiger define isolation levels, serializability, and two-phase locking.
Mid 1970s Two phase commit introduced and implemented in a number of systems.
1976 Peter Chen introduces the Entity-Relationship model.
1977 Akifumi Makinouchi describes a nested relational model, a precursor of the object-relational model.
1979 Home H. Gallaire and Jack Minker introduce logic-based databases, also known as deductive databases.
1979 Fagin, Nievergelt, Pippenger and Strong define Extensible Hashing.
1981 Edgar F. Codd wins the Turing Award for his contributions to database theory.
1985 Active databases introduced.
1988 Deductive and object-oriented databases unified in one model.
1985-1993 Object-oriented and object-relational database technologies are developed.
1995 Datacube OLAP operators introduced.
1995 The semi-structured data model is developed.
1998 Jim Gray wins the Turing Award for his contributions to the fields of databases and transaction processing.

In Database Applications:

4000-1200BC Sumerians put records on stones.
296BC Ptolemy begins collecting books for the Alexandria library.
200-0BC Paper invented in China.
1450 Johannes Guttenberg invents printing press.
1884 Herman Hollerith applies for a patent for punched-card machines.
1956 IBM invents the first computer disk storage system.
1959 G.E. delivers 32 ERMA (Electronic Recording Machine and Accounting) systems to the Bank of America, ushering in the computerization of the banking industry.
1963 American Airlines introduces the SABRE airline reservation system.
1968 IBM releases IMS (Information Management System), the first commercial DBMS.
1971 CODASYL publishes the Data Base Task Group (DBTG) report on the network model.
1974 The University of California at Berkeley publicly distributes the Ingres DBMS using the QUEL query language.
1975 IBM develops System R, an experimental relational DBMS that introduces many concepts common today including Structural Query Language (SEQUEL, later called SQL).
1975 Query By Example (QBE), the first graphical query language, developed at IBM.
1976 SQL specifications published by IBM.
1977 Relational Software Inc., later to become Oracle Corporation, is founded and is the first company to release a relational database system based on the IBM System R model and utilizing SQL.
1983 The DB2 database system is released by IBM.
1986 Ingres ships Ingres*, the first distributed relational database product.
1986 GemStone ships the first object-oriented database system.
1986 The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) publishes the SQL 1.0 standard.
1986 LDL, a logic-based database language is implemented at MCC Corporation.
1987 Researchers at the University of California at Berkeley define the RAID (Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks) levels.
1991 Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is developed allowing machines to transparently communicate with multiple DBMSs.
1993 ODMG 1.0 standard published for object-oriented database systems.
1998 Unified Modeling Language (UML) is standardized as a modeling tool for software and data design.
1998 eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is developed as a standard for information interchange, particularly among DBMSs.
1999 The SQL3 standard is published.